Stumbled upon a paper that describes a Taxonomy of Meta-Programming Systems. It's a short paper however it's a good overview of programs that generate and analyze  other programs.  Here's the taxonomy:

Generator

1. Representation: Strings vs. Algebraic datatype vs. Quasi-quote
2. Automatic vs. Manual annotation
3. Static Generator vs. Runtime Generator
4. Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous
5. Typed vs. un-Typed
   1. Statically Typed vs. Dynamically Typed
6. Two-stage vs. N-stage

Analysis

1. Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous
2. Higher Order Abstract Syntax vs. First Order Syntax
3. Typed vs. un-Typed

Another taxonomy can be found in A Survey of Rewriting Strategies in Program Transformation Systems.

• Translation
  1. Migration
  2. Synthesis
  3. Reverse Engineering
  4. Analysis
• Rephrasing
  1. Normalization
  2. Optimization
  3. Refactoring
  4. Renovation

Less abstract than the first, more like an enumeration of program transformation instances.